Bago Region shares state borders with Yangon, Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Magway, Nay Pyi Taw, Kayin, and Mon. The capital city is Bago. Bago Region covers 39,405 km2, and consists of 28 townships. It is the 5th most populous state in the country with an estimated population of 4.97 million (2023 UNFPA Projections) or 126 people per square kilometre. 

Eastern Bago has been a hotspot of conflict since 2021, with strong armed-resistance activities. In early 2025, the conflict from Rakhine State spread to southwestern regions, including Bago. As a result, Bago, particularly the southeastern parts, has some of the heaviest landmine contamination in the country. The Region is prone to recurrent flooding during the southwest monsoon season, typically from May–October (ACAPS, Apr 2025). Bago Region was one of the hardest hit during the Sept/Oct 2024 floods and was also affected by the March 2025 earthquake, with significant damage along the Yangon–Mandalay Expressway.