Tanintharyi is the country’s most southern Region, running down the eastern border of Thailand, and is bordered by Mon state to the north, and the Andaman Sea to the west. The state covers 43,343 km2 administratively divided into 10 townships. The population is estimated to be 1.54 million (2023 UNFPA Projections), with a density of 35 people per square kilometre.

The fishery sector is a main livelihood of the region, alongside rubber and palm oil plantations, and tourism. Tanintharyi is also home to one of the country’s three Special Economic Zones, in the coastal Dawei township.

Conflict is prevalent, and the region is contaminated by landmines, with most mine-related casualties in Dawei and Palaw townships in 2024 (UNICEF, 2025). As of 11 Aug 2025, an estimated 215,100 people remain internally displaced in Tanintharyi.