Magway Region is one of Myanmar’s central Regions, sharing borders with Chin and Rakhine to the west, Bago to the south, Mandalay and Naypyitaw to the east, and Sagaing to the north. Magway covers 44,819 km2, and consists of 25 townships and the capital city is Magway. It is among the more populated regions in the country (6th most populated), with an estimated population of 3.9 million (2023 UNFPA Projections), or 87 people per square kilometre.

Magway Region is part of Myanmar's Dry Zone and along with other two regions of the Zone, it is a major conflict hotspot with frequent armed clashes (IISS, Jul 2022). An estimated 260,900 people were displaced from Magway as of 11 August 2025. In addition to Dry Zone being prone to heat waves and draughts, Magway Region was recently impacted by Typhoon Yagi Flood in late 2024 and March 28 2025 Earthquake.